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Ericaceae FAMILY

Vaccinium macrocarpon

Vaccinium macrocarpon

Edibility
4/5
Medicinal
3/5

Safety & Hazards

None known

Cultivation Details

HabitEvergreen Shrub
GrowthMedium

Requires a moist or semi-boggy lime free soil, preferring one that is rich in peat or a light loamy soil with added leaf-mould[1, 2]. Prefers a very acid soil with a pH in the range of 4 to 4.5, tolerating up to 6.1; plants soon become chlorotic when lime is present[2]. Plants grow best in a poor soil, richer soils result in extra foliage production at the expense of fruit[2]. Succeeds in full sun or light shade though it fruits better in a sunny position[2]. Requires shelter from strong winds[2]. A very dwarf shrub producing long slender creeping stems that root into the soil. Upright stems grow from the axillary buds in the second year and these upright stems flower and fruit the following year[2]. Widely cultivated for its edible fruit in N. America, there are many named varieties[1, 3, 2]. Cultivated plants are usually grown in artificial bogs that are often flooded in the winter[2]. Plants can self-fertilize but cross-fertilization by insects results in higher yields[2]. Cultivated plants take about 5 years to come into full bearing but will then crop well for 60 - 100 years[2]. On well-prepared ground a crop of 500 bushels per acre has been gathered in a single season[1]. A bushel of cranberries is usually 40lb (18.2 kilos) in weight, thus this yield should equal 22 tonnes per hectare[PFAF]. Dislikes root disturbance, plants are best grown in pots until being planted out in their permanent positions[2]. Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus[2].

Propagation

Seed - sow late winter in a greenhouse in a lime-free potting mix and only just cover the seed[4]. Stored seed might require a period of up to 3 months cold stratification[5]. Another report says that it is best to sow the seed in a greenhouse as soon as it is ripe[2]. Once they are about 5cm tall, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a lightly shaded position in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Cuttings in mid spring of shoots 15cm long, in a sandy mix in a frame covered in plastic to keep them moist[2]. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, 5 - 8cm with a heel, August in a frame[4]. Slow and difficult. Layering in late summer or early autumn[4]. Another report says that spring is the best time to layer[2]. Takes 18 months[4]. Division of suckers in spring or early autumn[5]. Cite as: Temperate Plants Database, Ken Fern. temperate.theferns.info. 2026-02-21. <temperate.theferns.info/plant/Vaccinium+macrocarpon>

Pollinators

Insects, Self

References

  1. [1]Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. — Bean. W. · Murray · 1981 · ISBN - ↩︎A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.
  2. [2]The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. — Huxley. A. · MacMillan Press · 1992 · ISBN 0-333-47494-5 ↩︎Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
  3. [3]Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. — Facciola. S. · Kampong Publications · 1990 · ISBN 0-9628087-0-9 ↩︎Excellent. Contains a very wide range of conventional and unconventional food plants (including tropical) and where they can be obtained (mainly N. American nurseries but also research institutes and a lot of other nurseries from around the world.
  4. [4]Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. — Sheat. W. G. · MacMillan and Co · 1948 · ISBN - ↩︎A bit dated but a good book on propagation techniques with specific details for a wide range of plants.
  5. [5]The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation. — Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W. · Athens Ga. Varsity Press · 1987 · ISBN 0942375009 ↩︎A very detailed book on propagating trees. Not for the casual reader.
  6. [6]Flora of N. America — http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/fna/ ↩︎An on-line version of the flora with an excellent description of the plant including a brief mention of plant uses.
  7. [7]The Genus Vaccinium in North America — Vander Kloet S.P. · Canadian Government Publishing Centre; Ottawa · 1988 · ISBN 0-660-13037-8 ↩︎A detailed study of the genus in N. America.
  8. [8]Gray's Manual of Botany.Eighth Edition — Fernald. M. L. · American Book Co.; New York · 1950 · ISBN 0442222505 ↩︎A bit dated but a good and concise flora of the eastern part of N. America.
  9. [9]Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. — Hedrick. U. P. · Dover Publications · 1972 · ISBN 0-486-20459-6 ↩︎Lots of entries, quite a lot of information in most entries and references.
  10. [10]Flora of the British Isles. — Clapham, Tutin and Warburg. · Cambridge University Press · 1962 · ISBN - ↩︎A very comprehensive flora, the standard reference book but it has no pictures.
  11. [11]Dictionary of Economic Plants. — Uphof. J. C. Th. · Weinheim · 1959 · ISBN - ↩︎An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.
  12. [12]Edible Wild Fruits and Nuts of Canada. — Turner. N. J. and Szczawinski. A. · National Museum of Natural Sciences · 1978 · ISBN - ↩︎A very readable guide to some wild foods of Canada.
  13. [13]A Field Guide to N. American Edible Wild Plants. — Elias. T. and Dykeman. P. · Van Nostrand Reinhold · 1982 · ISBN 0442222009 ↩︎Very readable.
  14. [14]Native American Ethnobotany — Moerman. D. · Timber Press. Oregon. · 1998 · ISBN 0-88192-453-9 ↩︎Very comprehensive but terse guide to the native uses of plants. Excellent bibliography, fully referenced to each plant, giving a pathway to further information. Not for the casual reader.
  15. [15]Cranberry — Jeff M. Jellin, PharmD, Founding Editor · Therapeutic Research Faculty. · 2007 · http://www.naturaldatabase.com ↩︎An on-line database containing extensive information on medicinal plants and research relating to them.
  16. [16]The Plantsman. Vol. 9. 1986 - 1987. — ? · Royal Horticultural Society · 1986 · ISBN - ↩︎Excerpts from the periodical giving cultivation details and other notes on some of the useful plants including Carya spp and Crocus sativus.
  17. [PFAF]Plants for a Future — pfaf.org ↩︎