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Ephedraceae FAMILY Least Concern

Ephedra foeminea

Ephedra foeminea

Edibility
2/5
Medicinal
2/5

Safety & Hazards

Many species in this genus contain phenylethylamine alkaloids (e.g. ephedrine, pseudoephedrine). These compounds have stimulant properties and are effective medications in the treatment of a number of conditions. However, they do also have potential side effects and are contraindicated in a number of conditions including anxiety, anorexia, bulimia, diabetes, glaucoma, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis[1].

Cultivation Details

HabitEvergreen Shrub
Growth—

Ephedra species are mainly temperate to subtropical plants, native to arid and semi-arid regions and are also found in seasonally dry habitats such as Mediterranean climates. They are often found at moderate to high elevations, especially when they occur in tropical regions Requires a well-drained loamy soil and a sunny position[2]. Established plants are drought resistant and are also lime tolerant[3]. A dioecious species, both male and female forms must be grown if fruit and seed are required. Plants require a good summer in order to fully ripen their wood - this will encourage good flowering and fruiting the following summer. This species, and Ephedra aphylla Forssk., are the only two insect-pollinated species of Ephedra, the pollinators being attracted by nectar droplets exuded by both male and female flowers. All other Ephedra species are wind-pollinated, likely an adaptation to their windy, semiarid habitats[4].

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a greenhouse[3]. It can also be sown in spring in a greenhouse in a sandy compost[PFAF]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle and grow them on for at least their first winter in a greenhouse. Plant out in the spring or early summer after the last expected frosts and give some protection in their first winter[PFAF]. Division in spring or autumn[5]. Layering. Cite as: Temperate Plants Database, Ken Fern. temperate.theferns.info. 2026-02-21. <temperate.theferns.info/plant/Ephedra+foeminea>

Pollinators

Insects

References

  1. [1]Ephedra foeminea Forssk. — 2023 · https://florapal.org/plant/ephedra-foeminea/ ↩︎
  2. [2]Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. — Bean. W. · Murray · 1981 · ISBN - ↩︎A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.
  3. [3]The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. — Huxley. A. · MacMillan Press · 1992 · ISBN 0-333-47494-5 ↩︎Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
  4. [4]The Gymnosperm Database — http://www.conifers.org/index.htm ↩︎A vast amount of information on conifers and families of gymnosperms.
  5. [5]Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses. — Bown. D. · Dorling Kindersley, London. · 1995 · ISBN 0-7513-020-31 ↩︎A very well presented and informative book on herbs from around the globe. Plenty in it for both the casual reader and the serious student. Just one main quibble is the silly way of having two separate entries for each plant.
  6. [6]Flora of Egypt Volume One (Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae) — Loufty Boulos · Al Hadara Publishing; Cairo, Egypt · 1999 · ISBN 977-5429-14-5 ↩︎
  7. [7]IUCN Red List of Threatened Species — http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ↩︎A list of plants under threat and facing possible extinction, usually with brief details of the threats and information on habitat.
  8. [8]Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Ephedra foeminea Aqueous Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat — Maha N. Abu Hajleh et al · https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients ↩︎
  9. [9]The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants — Chevallier. A. · Dorling Kindersley. London · 1996 · ISBN 9-780751-303148 ↩︎An excellent guide to over 500 of the more well known medicinal herbs from around the world.
  10. [10]Revisión Taxonómica y Distribución Geográfica de Ephedra (Ephedraceae) en México — Villanueva-Almanza L. & Fonseca R.M. · 2011 ↩︎
  11. [PFAF]Plants for a Future — pfaf.org ↩︎